Graphic design evolved naturally
from the old and honourable discipline of "commercial art", which was a
limited concept that's been replaced by the term "graphic artist".
Graphic designers and graphic artists are different, just as architects
and architectural drafts people are different, or doctors and pharmacists, dentists
and dental technicians. Their roles are complementary, but one is strategic
while the other is tactical.
Design is nothing more (nor less) than problem solving. A graphic designer
solves visual communication problems. A graphic artist then implements those solutions
so they can be put into practice.
Both are necessary and valuable. Understanding their respective roles will help you
avoid common mistakes. A pharmacist isn't allowed to prescribe medications for
patients. Only a doctor can do that. The doctor diagnoses the medical problem
and prescribes the remedy. The pharmacist formulates the medication according to
the doctor's instructions.
Hiring a graphic artist to solve a visual communications problem, such as
creating a powerful corporate identity program, is like hiring a draftsman
to design your dream home. They simply don't have the required level of training
and creative experience to do the job properly.
I'm an experienced graphic designer who has also taught graphic design, visual communication
and art direction (and graphic art!) at two of Australia's largest universities.